{"id":2500,"date":"2023-07-31T18:33:13","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T08:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/?p=2500"},"modified":"2024-02-16T11:58:33","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T01:58:33","slug":"how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/","title":{"rendered":"How are compulsive eating and ADHD related?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#What_is_Binge_Eating\" title=\"What is Binge Eating?\">What is Binge Eating?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#Common_Symptoms_of_BED\" title=\"Common Symptoms of BED\">Common Symptoms of BED<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#What_is_ADHD\" title=\"What is ADHD?\">What is ADHD?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#Common_Symptoms\" title=\"Common Symptoms\">Common Symptoms<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#4_Points_on_How_Binge_Eating_is_Related_to_ADHD\" title=\"4 Points on How Binge Eating is Related to ADHD\">4 Points on How Binge Eating is Related to ADHD<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#1_ADHD_and_Binge_Eating_are_Highly_Comorbid\" title=\"1. ADHD and Binge Eating are Highly Comorbid\">1. ADHD and Binge Eating are Highly Comorbid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#2_There_Are_Similarities_Amongst_ADHD_and_BED_Symptoms\" title=\"2. There Are Similarities Amongst ADHD and BED Symptoms\">2. There Are Similarities Amongst ADHD and BED Symptoms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#3_ADHD_and_Binge_Eating_Have_A_Strong_Neurobiological_Basis\" title=\"3. ADHD and Binge Eating Have A Strong Neurobiological Basis\">3. ADHD and Binge Eating Have A Strong Neurobiological Basis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#4_BED_and_ADHD_Have_The_Same_Treatment_Methods\" title=\"4. BED and ADHD Have The Same Treatment Methods\">4. BED and ADHD Have The Same Treatment Methods<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/adhd.clinic\/zh\/news-research\/how-are-compulsive-eating-and-adhd-related\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Binge eating is one of the most common symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) \u2013 the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in the world. Whilst ADHD is characterised by the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, studies have found that at least 20% of people diagnosed with ADHD also experience symptoms of binge eating.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to also note that the relationship between binge eating and ADHD works both ways. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, characterised by binge eating episodes involving consuming abnormally excessive amounts of food, feeling a lack of control while eating and having a deep sense of guilt and shame towards oneself. One study has shown that 30% of patients with BED qualify for a possible diagnosis of ADHD. Moreover, around 8% of adults diagnosed with ADHD have also been diagnosed with BED.<\/p>\n<p>Evidently, the relationship between binge eating and ADHD is highly comorbid and intertwined. This highlights the importance of understanding how binge eating and ADHD are related because highly comorbid disorders involve more elaborate methods of care and treatment, due to the more complex nature of the patient\u2019s symptoms. This article will outline how ADHD and binge eating\/ overeating are associated and why this relationship is important.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Binge_Eating\"><\/span>What is Binge Eating?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a detrimental psychiatric disorder involving recurrent periods of binge-eating, as characterised by trance-like episodes of eating and consuming abnormally excessive amounts of food. Amongst all the eating disorders described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition), BED is the most commonly diagnosed, affecting around 2 to 3% of the population.<\/p>\n<p>While overeating may be considered normal from time-to-time, BED involves an excessive and recurring frequency of overeating, as well as other features like a deep sense of guilt or shame and feeling a lack of control over their behaviour during a binge-eating episode. For patients of BED, this can lead to high levels of psychological distress. Unlike other eating disorders, BED does not typically involve compensatory behaviours like purging or over-exercising. Most importantly, BED does not always remain a static, life-long permanent condition. It may flux into another type of eating disorder and reverse back to the binge-eating only.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Symptoms_of_BED\"><\/span>Common Symptoms of BED<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Symptoms of BED can include:<\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\" data-indent=\"0\">\n<li>Extreme scrutiny over body weight, shape and image<\/li>\n<li>Fear of eating around others in public<\/li>\n<li>Feeling a lack of control<\/li>\n<li>Feeling a sense of disgust, shame or guilt for oneself<\/li>\n<li>Social withdrawal<\/li>\n<li>Frequent dieting<\/li>\n<li>Difficulties in concentrating<\/li>\n<li>Gastrointestinal issues<\/li>\n<li>Fluctuation in weight<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_ADHD\"><\/span>What is ADHD?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood developmental disorder, affecting around 5% of the population. Characterized by inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behaviour, ADHD can be diagnosed in children as young as 6 years old. Because ADHD is a developmental disorder, it typically begins in childhood and may become a long-term condition persisting into adolescence and adulthood. Thus, more than 50% of children with ADHD progress into adulthood still living with symptoms of ADHD.<\/p>\n<p>People with ADHD commonly have trouble with concentrating on a task, inhibiting impulsive and hyperactive behaviour and regulating emotions. Evidently, such difficulties can be disruptive in every day life and negatively affect a person\u2019s relationship with the people around them, with erroneous assumption that it is \u201call this person\u2019s fault\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Symptoms\"><\/span>Common Symptoms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are 3 types of ADHD symptom presentations:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"decimal\" data-indent=\"0\">\n<li>The <strong>Inattentive type <\/strong>presents with difficulties in paying attention, but is not hyperactive or impulsive.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span data-spacer-size=\"tab\">\u200a<\/span>Symptoms include:<\/p>\n<ul type=\"circle\" data-indent=\"2\">\n<li>Inability to focus or sustaining attention<\/li>\n<li>Easily distracted by unrelated stimuli<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty with organising and completing tasks<\/li>\n<li>Avoidance of tedious tasks that require sustained attentional effort<\/li>\n<li>Disorganised<\/li>\n<li>Often losing belongings<\/li>\n<li>Daydreaming<\/li>\n<li>Forgetfulness<\/li>\n<li>Poor time management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.Th<strong>e Hyperactive\/Impulsive type<\/strong> presents with hyperactive and impulsive behaviour, but does not struggle with attentiveness.<\/p>\n<p><span data-spacer-size=\"tab\">\u200a<\/span>Symptoms include:<\/p>\n<ul type=\"circle\" data-indent=\"2\">\n<li>Inability to sit or stand still<\/li>\n<li>Often fidgeting or squirming in their seat<\/li>\n<li>Talking excessively or loudly<\/li>\n<li>Interrupting others in conversation<\/li>\n<li>Intruding on others (lack of boundaries)<\/li>\n<li>Impatience<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.The <strong>Combined type<\/strong> involves a combination of both inattentive and hyperactive\/impulsive presentations of ADHD symptoms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Points_on_How_Binge_Eating_is_Related_to_ADHD\"><\/span>4 Points on How Binge Eating is Related to ADHD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_ADHD_and_Binge_Eating_are_Highly_Comorbid\"><\/span>1. ADHD and Binge Eating are Highly Comorbid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is very common for people with ADHD to experience bingeing behaviours such as overeating\/binge eating. As mentioned above, 20% of people diagnosed with ADHD also experience symptoms of binge eating. Among children and young adolescents with ADHD, it has been found that 30% of this population will go on to develop BED. Furthermore, 30% of adults with BED present with a possible diagnosis of ADHD.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_There_Are_Similarities_Amongst_ADHD_and_BED_Symptoms\"><\/span>2. There Are Similarities Amongst ADHD and BED Symptoms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>With the high rates of comorbidity between ADHD and BED, it is inevitable that the symptoms of both disorders often coincide.<\/p>\n<p>A study on the associations between the symptoms of ADHD and eating behaviours in early childhood has shown that the core symptoms of ADHD like inattention and hyperactivity were positively associated with binge-eating behaviours such as emotional overeating and food responsiveness. This means that patients with ADHD who experience elevated levels of inattention and hyperactiveness were more likely to display binge-eating tendencies.<\/p>\n<p>Impulsivity, another core symptom of ADHD, has also been linked to the feeling of a loss of control, often experienced by patients of BED. Interestingly, patients of BED tend to score higher on impulsivity scales. This link between impulsivity and binge-eating is suggested to be mediated by deficits in response inhibition, impulse control and executive planning, which are cognitive deficits in executive functioning &#8211; also a major impairment in ADHD.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_ADHD_and_Binge_Eating_Have_A_Strong_Neurobiological_Basis\"><\/span>3. ADHD and Binge Eating Have A Strong Neurobiological Basis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ADHD and BED are known to have a strong neurobiological bases, which means that they are commonly underpinned by deficits within the structure and function of the brain. To be exact, neurocognitive impairments in the parts of the brain that are in charge of executive functioning, specifically impulse control, response inhibition and attentional control, are known to underlie the deficits seen in ADHD and BED.<\/p>\n<p>Neuroimaging research have indicated overlapping structural and functional abnormalities that underlie the neurocognitive impairments in ADHD and BED. These include deficits in the brain\u2019s reward processing system, particularly with insufficient release of a chemical called dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for the brain\u2019s reward system and is released when a person has pleasurable experiences. Deficits in dopamine release can lead to unnatural neurological pathways for immediate pleasure, leaving a person more susceptible to impulsive behaviours like substance abuse, gambling and binge eating.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_BED_and_ADHD_Have_The_Same_Treatment_Methods\"><\/span>4. BED and ADHD Have The Same Treatment Methods<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>With similar neurobiological pathways underlying the deficits seen in ADHD and BED, hte treatment methods used to effectively treat patients of BED and ADHD are \u200bsimilar. Specifically, healthcare providers commonly recommend pharmacological treatments like medication (i.e., stimulants like lisdexamphetamine) and psychological treatments like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). For ADHD, medication is the most effective method of treatment. For BED, psychological treatments are more effective. Ultimately, a combination of both types of treatments are typically used to treat both binge eating and ADHD.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u200bADHD and binge eating\/ BED are highly related to each other, across different aspects like its symptoms, neurobiology and treatment. Acknowledging the intertwined relationship between ADHD and binge eating allows for more efficient identification and screening of both disorders. More importantly, understanding the complexities within highly comorbid conditions like ADHD and BED will advance the diagnostic and treatment process, leading to higher chances of recovery.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>American Psychiatric Association. (2022). <em>Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders<\/em> (5th ed., text rev.). doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787<\/p>\n<p>Hilbert, A. (2018). Binge-Eating Disorder. <em>Psychiatric Clinics of North America<\/em>. doi:10.1016\/j.psc.2018.10.011<\/p>\n<p>Anbarasan, D., Kitchin, M., &amp; Adler, L. A. (2020). Screening for Adult ADHD. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(12). doi:10.1007\/s11920-020-01194-9<\/p>\n<p>Hurtig, T., Ebeling, H., Taanila, A., Miettunen, J., Smalley, S. L., McGOUGH, J. J., &#8230; &amp; Moilanen, I. K. (2007). ADHD symptoms and subtypes: relationship between childhood and adolescent symptoms. <em>Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry<\/em>, <em>46<\/em>(12), 1605-1613. doi.org\/10.1097\/chi.0b013e318157517a<\/p>\n<p>Svedlund, N. E., Norring, C., Ginsberg, Y., &amp; von Hausswolff-Juhlin, Y. (2017). Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among adult eating disorder patients. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1). doi:10.1186\/s12888-016-1093-1<\/p>\n<p>Cortese, S., Bernardina, B. D., &amp; Mouren, M.-C. (2008). Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Binge Eating. Nutrition Reviews, 65(9), 404\u2013411. doi:10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00318.x<\/p>\n<p>Villa, F. M., Crippa, A., Rosi, E., Nobile, M., Brambilla, P., &amp; Delvecchio, G. (2023). ADHD and eating disorders in childhood and adolescence: An updated minireview.\u00a0<em>Journal of Affective Disorders<\/em>,\u00a0<em>321<\/em>, 265-271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.10.016<\/p>\n<p>Fuemmeler, B. F., Sheng, Y., Schechter, J. C., Do, E., Zucker, N., Majors, A., \u2026 Kollins, S. H. (2020). Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and eating behaviors in early childhood. Pediatric Obesity, 15(7). doi:10.1111\/ijpo.12631<\/p>\n<p>Steadman, K. M., &amp; Knouse, L. E. (2016). Is the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Binge Eating Mediated by Impulsivity? Journal of Attention Disorders, 20(11), 907\u2013912. doi:10.1177\/1087054714530779<\/p>\n<p>Seymour, K. E., Reinblatt, S. P., Benson, L., &amp; Carnell, S. (2015). Overlapping neurobehavioral circuits in ADHD, obesity, and binge eating: evidence from neuroimaging research. CNS Spectrums, 20(04), 401\u2013411. doi:10.1017\/s1092852915000383<\/p>\n<p>Heal, D. J., &amp; Smith, S. L. (2021). Prospects for new drugs to treat binge-eating disorder: Insights from psychopathology and neuropharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 026988112110324. doi:10.1177\/02698811211032475<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Binge eating is one of the most common symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) \u2013 the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in the world. Whilst ADHD is characterised by the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, studies have &#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2501,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How are compulsive eating and ADHD related? ADHD-BED Integrated\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ADHD is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity; BED is a psychiatric eating disorder characterised by consuming abnormally excessive amounts of food, feeling a lack of control and having a deep sense of guilt and shame towards oneself. Both disorders have been known to be associated with each other, with 8% of adults diagnosed with ADHD having also been diagnosed with BED. 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